|
The previous day, Correa attended
an indigenous inauguration ceremony in Zumbahua, the small Andean town where he did volunteer social work in his twenties.
The presidents of Venezuela
and Bolivia — Hugo
Chavez and Evo Morales — were present as special guests. Correa, a 43-year-old
economist, used his inauguration to call for a “citizens’ revolution”, using wealth to meet social and environmental
needs, rather than maintaining the current “perverse system” that has led to over 60% of Ecuador’s 13 million
people living in poverty and forced more than 3 million to emigrate in search of jobs.
“The long night of neoliberalism is coming to an end”, said Correa,
“A sovereign, dignified, just and socialist Latin America is beginning
to rise.”
In a speech laced with the indigenous language Quichua and references
to revolutionary figures Simon Bolivar and Che Guevara, Correa called for Latin American integration on the basis of cooperation
and complementarity, and called on governments to create regional legislation to protect workers’ rights. Correa’s radical program for change has already begun. On January 16, Ecuador
signed an energy agreement with Venezuela.
Venezuela will refine Ecuadorian crude oil,
and invest in developing new refineries there. Ecuador,
despite being one of Latin America’s largest oil
exporters, currently has to import fuel at unfavourable prices.
Correa has also promised to renegotiate contracts
with foreign oil companies, in order to free up money for spending on health, education, the environment and housing. The
potential benefits for Ecuador
are enormous: the oil company Oxy had its contracts cancelled a year ago, and the government has since made US$1.1 billion
from those oilfields alone. Another priority for Correa is Ecuador’s foreign debt, estimated in November last year at over 25% of the country’s GDP. Correa has suggested
that at least part of the debt may be illegal, and is planning to renegotiate, or possibly default on it. He has also called
for an international debt tribunal to prevent the exploitation of debt-ridden countries and has threatened to cut ties with
the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.
On January 17, agriculture minister Carlos Valejo declared the government’s
intention to redistribute idle arable land. Ecuador’s
vulnerable agricultural sector was a key issue in mass protests last year against a proposed free-trade agreement with the
US. Correa is
firmly opposed to such an FTA, preferring to focus on national development and Latin American integration.
The most
important part of the new president’s platform for change is the promise to convoke a Constituent Assembly to rewrite
the constitution to allow the recall of elected officials and greater participation by social movements and community sectors
in government, weakening the traditional party system and making his reforms possible.
Correa, whose Alianza PAIS
party ran no candidates for the Congress, faces a hostile legislature. His opponents in Congress, which is almost universally
regarded to be run by a corrupt and inept “partyocracy”, formed a bloc of 76 out of 100 law-makers to oppose Correa’s
reforms. Correa threatened to call mass protests and to use his executive powers
to bypass the Congress, but on January 12, the second largest party in Congress, the Patriotic Society Party (PSP), led by
ex-president Lucio Gutierrez (who was overthrown in 2005), changed sides on the issue, giving Correa a temporary majority.
This was not before Gutierrez had expelled his own wife and another member of Congress from the PSP for supporting
Correa’s proposal. Neither Correa nor many of the social movements, such as the indigenous federatation CONAIE, trust
Gutierrez and the about-face is widely seen as proof of the corruption of the current political system.
Assuming it
is approved, there will now be a referendum on March 18 to endorse the initiative, and a Constituent Assembly of 87 members
will be elected soon after from provincial, national and immigrant sectors of the population. The assembly will have 180 days
to rewrite the constitution. The task facing Correa is a challenging one. Previous
governments that have promised reforms along similar lines have been unable or unwilling to carry them out, making only small
reforms in the hope of placating big business and the people alike. In response, mass popular mobilisations, especially by the indigenous movements, have led to the overthrow
of the last three elected presidents.
The
hope is that Correa has broken the mould. “We’re not talking about little reforms, about making things less bad”,
he said during his inauguration. “Latin America
isn’t living an era of changes”, he explained. “It’s living a change of eras.”
From: International News, Green Left Weekly issue #695 24 January 2007.
 |
|
|