For those who remain skeptical
that a draft is being considered, the Selective Service
website provides information
suggesting the President has requested that activation of
draft be available within
75 days of Congressional authorization. A careful reading
suggests June 15, 2005
is the target date. After 30 years of dormancy, why else would
the Selective Service suddenly
request $29 million in order to bring the US draft
apparatus up to 90% operational
capability? [68]
Undoubtedly, the requirements
for Global Empire and five more wars will require many
more soldiers. The neoconservatives
have a plan for global domination, but their
execution has been poor and
incredibly arrogant. It is interesting to note that in
September 2003 the Directorate
for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict at the
Pentagon showed the controversial
movie from the 1960s The Battle for Algiers. The
invitation at the Pentagon
stated the following:
"How to win a battle against
terrorism and lose the war of ideas. Children
shoot soldiers at point-blank
range. Women plant bombs in cafes. Soon the
entire Arab population builds
to a mad fervor. Sound familiar? The French
have a plan. It succeeds
tactically, but fails strategically. To understand why,
come to a rare showing of
this film." [69]
Based on a story from the
Common Dreams website, the idea came from a civilian-led
group with "responsibility
for thinking aggressively and creatively" on issues of guerrilla
war. The Pentagon employee
stated, "Showing the film offers historical insight into the
conduct of French operations
in Algeria, and was intended to prompt informative
discussion of the challenges
faced by the French." It should also be noted that former
U.S. National Security Adviser
Zbigniew Brzezinski also recommended this same movie
the following month after
the Pentagon screening. In an October 2003 speech Brzezinski
stated: "If you want to understand
what's happening right now in Iraq, I recommend The
Battle
for Algiers." [70]
Another issue addressed in
my original essay was the possibility of Iran moving towards
a petroeuro for oil exports.
A June 2003 article in the Hindu Business Line confirmed
my earlier prediction regarding
Iran's imminent movement towards the euro. Dr
Mohammed Jaffar Mojarrad,
Vice-Governor of the Iranian Central Bank stated for this
article that Iran
actually made the switch to the euro for its oil payments in the summer
of 2003. Although Iranian
oil is still priced in dollars, the payment for its oils exports to
the EU is now denominated
in euros.
"Iran's
oil and gas exports destined mostly for Europe are already
denominated in euros. Iran
produces about 3.5 barrels and is the second
largest oil exporter among
the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries
(OPEC). About 30 per cent
of the Iran's oil exports are destined for European
markets. The other two large
consumers of Iranian Oil are India and China.
Even in the case of Indian
only a small quantum of the oil imports come
through the ACU mechanism.
But, he added, the switch
to the euro, which as done during the last few
months had helped the country
to negate the effects of a depreciating dollar
and falling international
oil prices. He said that if the country had continued its
receipts in US dollars, it
would have meant large losses, which would have
translated into domestic
inflation. This was because large volumes of its
imports are also sourced
from Europe. The Iranian central bank was keen to
avert that situation and
had consequently adopted the euro-denominated
payments to ensure that the
losses were minimised. The country had also
resorted to managing its
reserves to minimise the effects of the depreciating
dollar, he added. [71]
Given the continuing devaluation
of the dollar, pressure will build within OPEC to
switch to the euro. The central
impediment to such a switch is that all three
internationally traded crude
oil pricing "markers" are currently denominated in dollars
(West Texas
Intermediate crude, Norway Brent crude and UAE Dubai crude). Given the
rapid decline of oil output
from the North Sea, it is possible another crude marker could
emerge later this decade,
perhaps denominated in euros. It is also possible that during
2004-2005 OPEC could decide
to denominate oil in a "basket of currencies," which
would include the euro. OPEC
contemplated this idea in the early 1970s after the US
dollar devalued following
the collapse of the Bretton Woods Agreement. [72]
Certainly one of the most
interesting and troubling pieces of news regarding the
dollar/euro issues and the
potential political fallout from the unauthorized Iraq war
relates to Russia.
In mid-October 2003, after meeting with German Chancellor Gerhard
Schroeder, Russian President
Vladimir Putin mentioned that Russian oil sales could be
re-denominated in euros.
"We do not rule out that
it is possible. That would be interesting for our
European partners," Putin
said at a joint news conference with German
Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder
in the Urals town of Yekaterinburg, where the
two leaders conducted two-day
talks.
"But this does not depend
solely on us. We do not want to hurt prices on the
market," he said.
A move by Russia,
as the world's second largest oil exporter, to trade oil in
euros, could provoke a chain
reaction among other oil producers currently
mulling a switch and would
further boost the euro's gradually growing share of
global currency reserves.
That would be a huge boon
to the euro zone economy and potentially
catastrophic for the United
States. Dollar-based global oil trade now gives the
United
States carte blanche to print dollars without sparking inflation -- to fund
huge expenses on wars, military
build-ups, and consumer spending, as well as
cut taxes and run up huge
trade deficits.
Almost two-thirds of the
world's currency reserves are kept in dollars, since oil
importers pay in dollars
and oil exporters keep their reserves in the currency
they are paid in. This effectively
provides the U.S. economy with an interestfree
loan, as these dollars can
be invested back into the U.S. economy with
zero currency risk.
If a Russian move to the
euro were to prompt other oil producers to do the
same, it could be a "catastrophe"
for the United States, Ibrahim said. "There
are already a number of countries
within OPEC that would prefer to trade in
euros." [73]
Continuing in this same Moscow
Times article, two other pieces of vital information
were revealed. If Saudi
Arabia were evaluating a "petroeuro," it would imply major
geopolitical and macroeconomic
shifts. Although I doubt Saudi Arabia would make this
switch, we shall see . .
.
"And after the war in Iraq,
there is growing debate in the United States'
traditional ally Saudi
Arabia on a switch too, though its government has not
come down firmly on one side,
Ibrahim said. "There is a revision going on of its
strategic relationship with
the United States. Already, they're buying more
[French-made] Airbuses,"
he said. "The Saudi Crown Prince [Abdullah Bin
Abdul Aziz Al-Saud]'s visit
to Russia was of great significance and the regime
is talking about closer cooperation
with LUKoil and other Russian companies."
Furthermore, this article
candidly reinforced my original thesis that the creation of a
"petroeuro" was indeed one
of the core reasons for the 2003 US/UK invasion of Iraq.
Under Saddam Hussein, Iraqi
oil was traded in euros. "This was another
reason [why the U.S.
attacked]," Ibrahim said. "There is a great political
dimension to this. Slowly
more power and muscle is moving from the United
States to the EU, and that's
mainly because of what happened in Iraq," he
said.
Putin had previously brought
up the proposal to switch to euros as prime
minister in October 1999,
at a meeting of EU leaders in Helsinki. Then, in an
attempt to forge a new bloc
to counterbalance the United States, he made the
proposal alongside calling
for closer cooperation between Russia and the EU,
including on security issues.
Since then, however, Russia's
ties with the United States have warmed
considerably -- and it is
unclear whether Putin would risk damaging that
relationship by going ahead
with the euro move, analysts said.
. . . Yevgeny Gavrilenkov,
chief economist at Troika Dialog and an earlier
architect of the Putin government's
first economic plan, said debate is growing
on a move to the euro as
Russia mulls siding with the EU. "Such an idea is
really possible," he said.
"Why not? More than half of Russia's oil trade is with
Europe.
But there will be great opposition to this from the United States."
. . . LUKoil vice president
Leonid Fedun said Thursday that he saw no problem
in the euro switch and that
payments for such transactions would be minimal,
at just 0.08 percent.
The proposition that Russia,
currently the 2nd largest oil exporter, switching to the euro
will be met with "great opposition"
from the United States is quite an understatement.
Nevertheless, according to
the above excerpts, from a purely monetary and trade
perspective a Russian switch
to the euro appears logical. Obviously the US government
would prefer Russia
sell its oil in dollars or a dual currency arrangement. It would highly
advisable for the US
to negotiate and compromise with Russia regarding access to
Iraq's
oil and the issues regarding
Iraqi debts.
Also, a Russian oil executive
suggested that oil from the Urals region in Russia could
become an `alternative crude
oil marker' with respect to internationally traded oil
contracts. This may be unlikely
given that Russia's Peak Oil production occurred in
1987, but such an event could
provide a new euro-based oil pricing mechanism.
Regardless, by the end of
this decade I suspect Norway and Sweden
will likely ascend to
the euro, thus facilitating
the Brent crude marker being re-denominating in the euro.
There appears to be fall-out
from the Iraq war in some countries that are not under US
control. In April 2003 Bloomberg
News reported that Indonesia, a small non-OPEC
producer with a Muslim majority
was evaluating a "petroeuro."
"Pertamina,
Indonesia's state oil company, dropped a bombshell recently. It's
considering dropping the
U.S. dollar for the euro in its oil and gas trades.
Other Asian countries may
not be far behind any move in Indonesia to dump
the dollar. The reasons for
this are economic and political, and they could
trigger a realignment that
undermines U.S. bond and stock markets over
time." [74]
Additionally, some articles
have suggested that other countries such as Malaysia may
soon be dropping the dollar
in favor of the euro. These countries perceive that switching
to the euro will eventually
diminish our ability to pursue an agenda of global militant
Imperialism. In fact, it
appears that a disconcerting "anti-dollar" movement could be
spreading. Indeed, in 2003
a Wall Street Journal reporter witnessed an unusual anti-war
protest in Nigeria,
an OPEC member.
"Newspaper columnists and
anti-war activists in countries stretching from
Morocco
to Indonesia have rallied behind the sentiments shouted in
a Nigerian
street protest witnessed
by a Wall Street Journal reporter this week: "Euro yes!
Dollar no!" [75]
The Bush administration probably
believes the occupation of Iraq and the installation of
large and permanent U.S.
military bases in Iraq will thwart remaining OPEC producers
from even considering switching
the denomination of their oil sales from dollars to
euros. However, using the
military to enforce dollar hegemony for oil transactions
strikes me as a rather unwieldy
and inappropriate Geostrategy. Regrettably, President
Bush and his neo-conservative
advisors appear to have chosen to apply a military option
to a U.S.
economic problem that requires a multilateral treaty. History may not look
kindly upon their actions.
Paradoxically, for a variety
of economic and political reasons, it appears that a growing
number of oil producers in
the Middle East, South America, and Russia
may wish to
transition their oil pricing
from dollars to euros, or perhaps denominate oil in a "basket
of currencies." Disturbingly,
we may be witnessing the emergence of a European-
Russian-OPEC alliance in
an effort to counter American militant imperialism. Although
you will not hear it spoken
publicly, the broad international movement away from the
dollar may be an effort to
facilitate "regime change" here in the U.S. Indeed, if the
dollar's steep devaluation
in 2004 parallels 2003, every American will suffer for the
misguided policies of our
government. We need to quickly change course.
Despite the current stock
market "rally", there is much to be concerned about regarding
the long-term structural
imbalances of our economy, and the Bush administration's
flawed tax, economic and
most principally their overtly Imperialist foreign polices could
place the dollar's status
as the World Reserve currency and/or oil transaction currency
role in jeopardy, or at the
very least significantly diminished over the next few years. In
the event that such a hypothesis
materializes, the U.S. economy will require
restructuring in some manner
to account for the reduction of either of these two pivotal
advantages. This will be
an exceedingly painful process if it occurs in a disorderly
manner, perhaps reminiscent
of the 1930's Great Depression. Certainly a multilateral
treaty recognizing these
issues would be preferable before the onset of serious economic
dislocations -- or warfare.
Only time will tell what
will happen in the aftermath of the Iraq war and U.S.
occupation, but I am confident
my research will contribute to the historical record and
help others understand some
of the important but unspoken reasons for why we
conquered Iraq. Regrettably,
until the U.S. agrees to a more balanced Global Monetary
system, and embarks on a
viable National Energy Strategy, our nation will continue to
pursue hypocritical foreign
policies incompatible with the principles established by the
founding fathers regarding
democracy, liberty and freedom.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Iraq
war was designed to 1) secure U.S./U.K. oil supplies before and
after global Peak Oil, and
2) to have a large military presence to "dissuade" other oilproducers
from moving towards the euro
as an oil transaction currency. These are the
two crucial elements for
maintaining U.S. hegemony over the world economy.
Reconverting Iraq
back to the petrodollar was not the critical issue, but preventing any
further momentum towards
a petroeuro is a critical component of current US
Geostrategy. While deceiving
the American people into war, this administration sent a
message to other OPEC-producers
-- "You are either with us or against us."
However, in the end I predict
the rules of economics and the laws of physics will prevail
over the dreams of Global
Empire. It will be increasingly "sensible" for OPEC to redenominate
oil sales in euros once the
EU expands in 2004. [76] Additionally, Peak Oil
will usher in an era in which
demand for oil will forever outstrip supply. The
neoconservatives understand
what this means -- the end of US Hyper power, and thus
the end of their dreams of
a US Global Empire. The true test of US leadership and the
citizenry will be acknowledging
that our nation will soon endure some economic
hardship. Everyone on earth
will be impacted by Peak Oil, and given that reality --
multilaterialism rather than
unilateralism is the only way to create a peaceful outcome.
First, the industrialized
economies need to develop new energy policies and
technologies, but here in
the US we have the most to lose due to our high consumption
rate and structural debt
problems. In fact, out entire "suburban" infrastructure was
designed for the utilization
of automobiles and we do not have enough mass transit in
place when Peak Oil arrives.
We have a lot of work to do, not enough time, and too
much debt, which further
reduces our options. Secondly, our currency is challenged for
the first time since WWII
with an alternative -- the euro.
So, we have been reduced
to using military force to maintain our hegemonic status, but
under the neoconservatives
we are doing it in such an overt, arrogant way that the world
community is objecting. Disparaging
the United Nations while unsuccessfully bribing
our allies to support the
Iraq war is a radical departure from decades of US diplomatic
policy. Furthermore, the
world community is probably more aware of the implications of
the Project for a New American
Century than the US citizens are, and the world does not
appear ready to accept the
US as a militant, unilateral hyper-power. Neoconservatives
fail to understand that the
industrialized world can and will topple us from our
hegemonic status if they
perceive us to be a greater threat to world stability than the
economic disruptions that
would occur from the displacement of the dollar standard. Let
us hope the world will not
allow a disorderly dollar decline or "panic."
The dollar is our Achilles
Heel, and it will also be our undoing if we do not change
course and compromise with
the European Union, otherwise we will probably have
military conscription, political
repression and tyranny at home, and the American
Experiment as we have known
it for the past 227 years will end. This need not be the
case. What we as citizens
must realize is that overt pursuit of Empire abroad will
ultimately result in tyranny
at home. We have already begun this process with the
incessant fear mongering,
deception and intolerant portrayal of events surrounding the
Iraq
war. Furthermore, our civil rights and Constitutional protections are being
dangerously eviscerated (possible
elimination of Posse Comitatus, along with various
hidden provisions within
Patriot Acts I & II, Office of Homeland Security, and various
Executive Orders).
The only way out of this
dilemma is international cooperation, real leadership, global
monetary reform and sacrifices
by the US citizenry regarding energy consumption. U.S.
Politicians are not interested
in being truthful with the People, as both parties are more
or less in the pockets of
the military-energy conglomerates. Real Campaign Finance
Reform may be the only way
in which the US can enact the sufficient energy reforms
that will be required with
the onset of Peak Oil.
1. In order to save the American
Experiment the neoconservative goal of US "Global
Domination" must be quickly
discarded by a new administration. The concept of the
U.S. violating international
law with unilateral "preventative wars" will simply not be
tolerated by most industrialized
nations. Hopefully one of the first official acts of the
44th President will be to
officially disavow the "Bush Doctrine" of preventive warfare.
Such a gesture would allow
the world community to breath a collective sign of relief,
and extend to the new administration
much needed political capital. Multilateral
cooperation will be needed
for the following issues/reforms.
2. We must restore some semblance
of fiscal responsibility in this country if we want to
save the dollar. The Iraq
conflict has cost the US approximately $300 billion dollars
by
the end of 2003, and estimates
of current military expenditures are approximately $1
billion per week. Unlike
the 1991 Gulf War, US taxpayers (and their children and
grandchildren) will pay for
the 2003 Iraq war. It has been said that the credit
worthiness of a currency
is based upon the ability of the government to collect tax
revenue from its citizens.
Perhaps the devaluation of the dollar during 2002-2003
reflects the world community's
lack of faith in this administration's tax policies.
Passing large tax cuts in
2003 while in the midst of a war in Iraq is the ultimate act of
fiscal irresponsibility.
The American people appear ignorant of the historical correlation
between wars and taxes. Do
we honestly believe we can afford massive tax cuts
along with massive increases
in military and domestic spending? Not even a French
socialist would dare to do
what we have done. I suspect 2003 was the first time in
modern history that a nation
decreased taxes while in the midst of a major war. We
need to dispel with this
ideological and quasi-mystical belief about tax cuts: "Nothing is
more important in the face
of a war than cutting taxes." -- Tom Delay (R-TX)
The IMF and the finance ministers
of the world community must think we have lost our
collective minds. I do not
envy the fiscal mess the next US President will inherit. The
next President will have
the unenviable task of attempting to balance the current
budget deficit, which will
require increasing taxes, perhaps to their pre-2001 levels.
Some semblance of fiscal
sanity will be required to support the dollar. While such a
tax policy will be wildly
unpopular, we need to face reality, throughout history and into
the present day -- wars are
very expensive. We have not yet paid for Afghanistan war,
or the Iraq
invasion, it is all borrowed money. To date the price has been a significant
devaluation of our currency.
Although our `war taxes' will probably be avoided until
after the 2004 Elections,
this is only a temporary respite. Without a UN mandate for
starting the Iraq war, it
is inevitable the US citizens will pay heavily for the Iraq war.
3. The Federal Reserve may
soon be prompted to raise interest rates in an effort to stem
the weakening dollar, but
we are in a perilous situation. US corporations and
consumers have acquired so
much debt that a rate hike might starve-off domestic
economic growth. A rate increase
may cause a lot of pain for average Americans, but
we have lived in the fantasy
of huge tax cuts, low-interest rates, huge budget deficits
and a huge trade account
deficit for much too long. Militant Empires have never been
cheap. The wildcard seems
to be the dollar, which is being rapidly debased. Exactly
how much pain will occur
when and if the Federal Reserve increases the lending rates
above 1.0% is unknown. In
a best-case scenario, the Fed would spread this pain over
several years, but dollar
devaluation will probably occur precipitously.
4. Propose to the UN to form
an International Consortium of energy scientists &
researchers from all over
the globe to develop alternative fuels for transportation.
Could be a combo of biomass,
fuel cells, renewables, etc. The US, as the greatest
energy consumer, must show
leadership in developing and promoting alternatives.
Along with rejecting the
Bush Doctrine, this will do much to repair our international
image. Imagine the Manhattan
Project but on an international scale, hopefully a $50+
billion yearly international
effort beginning in 2005. Redirecting funds and brainpower
from our military R&D
is warranted. We don't have much time, as some have
suggested we may have arrived
at a plateau in global oil production . . .
5. The U.N. should form an
International Group of scientists and engineers to study
energy depletion stemming
from global Peak Oil. Considerable financial resources
totaling tens of billions
should provide to this Group by the International community.
The UN should also devise
some type of methodology regarding the distribution of
hydrocarbons. This will be
an equally contentious and difficult reform to achieve, but
the only alternative is either
oil warfare in the Persian Gulf, or economic warfare in the
international foreign exchange
markets. Both of these adverse outcomes can be
avoided if the international
community can agree to some sort of complex energy
formula that reflects economic
output and population growth statistics.
The UN should attempt to
establish guidelines, along with an enforcement mechanism
based on energy price. The
bottom line is the US needs to use less energy, and we
need to immediately begin
improving our infrastructure before the full effects of Peak
Oil make our energy reforms
excessively painful and expensive. Given that we
consume 25% of the world
hydrocarbons, we have both the most to gain and most to
lose if energy reforms are
not implemented during this decade. Mother Nature and
Peak Oil will not wait for
the scientists or the politicians to act . . .
6. Global monetary reform:
A painful but absolutely necessary reform to "rebalance" the
global economy. The US
consumer cannot go into indefinite debt as the single engine
for global growth, nor can
the Federal Reserve continue to "re-inflate" the bubbles into
perpetuity. Economists such
as Stephen Roach (Morgan Stanley) and Richard
Duncan (author of The Dollar
Crisis [77]) have suggested the excessive growth of
global credit in conjunction
with the structural problems of the US dollar may create a
deflationary contraction
of the global economy. In other words, a deflationary
depression could occur with
a significant devaluation/ panic on the dollar, and the
downturn will be very long
lasting unless the global aggregate demand increases. The
G8 nations should begin the
process of global monetary reform. However, I remain
skeptical these reforms will
take place until a truly significant crisis unfolds
Regardless, the global economy
will be more balanced and better off with three
engines of global growth:
the US, the EU and Asia. First reform should be the euro as
the 2nd International Reserve
currency, at parity with the dollar, thereby allowing a
dual-OPEC oil transaction
currency standard. This should join the US with the EU as
two equal "co-hegemons."
At some point a third world
reserve currency will make sense for the Asian bloc,
perhaps a Yuan/Yen currency
around 2010 that allows China and Japan
to purchase
oil with their own reserve
currency. These reforms are obviously very controversial
proposals, but again, I fear
that failure to compromise on these monetary issues will
ultimately result in a dangerous
and unstable multi-polar world engaged in global oil
and/or economic warfare.
It is preferable to begin negotiations that compromise on
these monetary/energy issues
via multilateral accords before things get desperate in
the post-Peak Oil environment.
Under the above scenarios
regarding monetary reform, we may have to reduce our
overblown military expenditures
by a considerable amount, perhaps 50% ("only" $200
billion per year), and spend
our tax revenues on reducing our debts and improving our
energy infrastructure for
a less energy intensive existence. That transition will
undoubtedly be difficult
for those who drive large SUVs, but our choices are
increasingly limited. The
past few generations including the Baby Boomers, Generation
X or Generation Y, all grew-up
with the US as a Superpower. To even imagine a
different scenario -- where
the US shares power with the EU as an equal (and ultimately
with China) creates cognitive
dissonance. However the "Greatest Generation," to which
my grandparents belong, grew-up
when America was not a superpower, and they
endured hardships that strengthened
their characters. We too must adapt to new realities.
My principal concern at is
time? Has our nation become too militarized and too fearful
of shadowy enemies supposedly
lurking inside every airplane or foreign nation? (Similar
to the German population
of the 1930s) Will we be able to willingly overcome our
irrational fear, and peacefully
make some painful but necessary adjustments to our
economy and society? As Mr.
Brzezinski noted, it is troubling the US has acquired a
rather "paranoiac" view of
the world. [78] We must throw off such fears and be realistic,
it is we who have changed,
not the world. Indeed, no industrialized or developing nation
wants the US
economy to collapse. They admire our technical base, R&D capability,
education system, and of
course they need us as consumers.
However, what the world community
realizes is the `war on terrorism' is a cynically
strategy used by the Bush
administration to reaffirm the US status as the global
hegemonic Empire. This is
a dangerous policy. Our problems with Al Qaeda are based
on a few radical zealots
who distort religion to justify their crimes. While terrorist tactics
are utterly cruel and never
justifiable, there are often causes for their anger, usually
political grievances. Bin
Laden does not "hate our freedoms" -- according to his own
words he hates our foreign
policies. He is a violent "anti-imperialist militant Islamist."
Bin Laden is a product of
Whabbism, but his views grotesquely distort Islam. This
intolerant version of Islam
is practiced only in Saudi Arabia and by Saudi-financed
madrassas in Pakistan. Saudi
Arabia needs to undertake immense internal political and
social reform, and perhaps
resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict could facilitate
reform.
In truth, apprehending Al
Qaeda members and reducing terrorism will require massive
international cooperation
via joint intelligence/police operations involving the US,
EU,
Africa,
central Asia and the Middle Eastern states. I suggest that a highly empowered
INTERPOL (International Police)
operation would produce the least amount of
"blowback" in a worldwide
anti-terrorism campaign. [79] According to senior FBI
agents, as of late 2002 there
were only about 200 hard-core Al Qaeda members still at
large. [80] In comparison,
Al Capone's infamous Chicago mafia had about two to three
times as many members as
Al Qaeda. However, the FBI did not bomb Sicily during our
`war against organized crime.'
We cannot stop Al Qaeda by bombing or via "regime
change." The situation in
post-Saddam Iraq is a prime example of this dangerously
flawed ideology, as we have
created terrorists where they did not previously exist.
We must acknowledge that
terrorism has and will exist as long as man walks the earth,
so we must live in dignity,
not in fear. Reducing ignorance and oppression that breeds
fear and hatred will reduce
future recruits for terrorist groups. We must frame
international terrorism as
acts of crimes against humanity, committed by a small number
of criminals. We need to
adjust our perception accordingly, and work diligently together
within the international
framework.
Moreover, we must also face
the facts regarding one of the prime causes of anti-
Americanism in the Middle
East. If the Isreali-Palestinain conflict is resolved peacefully
via a two-state solution,
the humiliation in the general Arab population will eventually
subside, allowing much needed
political reform. Both the Israelis and the Palestinians
are entitled to live in peace,
security, and prosperity. Although some will argue
differently, objective observers
realize that a peaceful resolution to the Isreali-Palestinan
issue is one of the most
critical components to winning the campaign against terrorism. I
pray the next US
President will succeed in achieving this goal.
I believe the real struggle
in the US is more internal than external. If we truly practiced
our values as majestically
articulated in the Declaration of Independence, Constitution
and Bill of Rights, we would
have the world's respect, not the world's fear and loathing.
Overcoming the current "anti-Americanism"
requires a balanced foreign policy
regarding Israel,
and a viable National Energy Strategy that will allow us to stop
supporting repressive regimes.
The key is a policy of sustained energy reform -- which
would then allow more enlightened
foreign policies -- just as the founding fathers
envisioned. Our struggle?
Can we return to our republican origins and restrain ourselves
from seeking Empire? Can
we rejoin the community of industrialized nations -- as an
equal to the EU? The ultimate
test for the American Experiment? Can we once again
begin living within our means
-- from both fiscal and energy perspectives? If we can do
that, our problems with today's
"anti-Americanism" and tomorrow's terrorist will quickly
subside.
Quite frankly, in order to
save the American Experiment and stop our slide towards an
isolated and authoritarian
state, we must elect an enlightened administration in 2004. It
would appear that four difficult
challenges await the next U.S. administration, including;
1) negotiating global monetary
reform, 2) broadly re-organizing U.S. fiscal policies, 3)
developing a National Energy
Strategy, and 4) attempting to repair our damaged foreign
relationships with the UN,
EU, Russia, and the Middle East. Sadly,
the next U.S.
President will have to undertake
these challenges from a weakened position both
economically and diplomatically.
I do not envy the arduous journey that awaits the 44th
President of the United
States.
Dear readers, it is not hyperbole
to suggest the destiny of the United States may very
well be determined by the
2004 Elections. We are at an epochal moment in history. The
reality is the beginning
of the 21st century will either be a disastrous time period of oil
related military and economic
warfare, or a noble effort at international cooperation via
global energy and monetary
reform. The choice is ours: Will we desperately fight for
Empire under the guise of
the "war on terror" -- or will we heed the wisdom of founding
fathers by "resisting the
temptation" of Empire -- and compromise for Peace? The path
we choose in November 2004
will determine not only our future, but also the future of
millions of people around
the world.
*************************************
"America will never be destroyed
from the outside. If we falter and lose our
freedoms, it will be because
we destroyed ourselves."
"I am a firm believer in
the people. If given the truth, they can be depended
upon to meet any national
crisis. The great point is to bring them the real
facts."
-Abraham Lincoln
I have sworn upon the altar
of God eternal hostility against every form of
tyranny imposed upon the
mind of man."
-- Thomas Jefferson
# # #
References (post-war commentary)
49. Dreyfuss, Robert and
Vest, Jason, "The Lie Factory," Mother Jones, February 2004
50. Sengupta, Kim, "Intelligence
agencies doubt al-Qa'ida links," UK Independent,
February 4, 2003
51. Hersh, Seymour, "Selective
Intelligence: Donald Rumsfeld Has His Own Special
Sources. Are They Reliable?,"
The New Yorker, May 6, 2003
52. "The Lie Factory," ibid.
53. Hiro, Dilip, Secrets
and Lies, Nation Books (2003)
54. "Interview: 27-Year CIA
Veteran," by Will Pitt, www.truthout.org, June 26, 2003
55. "In Round 2, it's the
dollar vs. euro," Newsweek, April 23, 2003
56. Hoyos, Carol & Morrison,
Kevin, "Iraq returns to international oil market," Financial
Times, June 5, 2003
57. "US to pay its Iraqi
workers in dollars," Times Online [UK], April 23, 2003
58. Anderson William L.,
"Dollar or Dinar?", mises.org, April 29, 2003
59. Booth, William Booth
& Chandrasekaran, Rajiv, "Occupation Forces Halt Elections
Throughout Iraq,"
Washington Post, June 28, 2003
60. Stephen, Kinzer, All
the Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East
Terror, John Wiley &
Sons (2003)
61. Enforcing American Hegemony
- A Timeline, Josh Buermann
62. Benson, Richard, "Oil,
the Dollar, and US Prosperity," www.prudentbear.com, August
11, 2003
63. Vance, Laurence, "Eight
Facts about Iraq," www.lewrockwell.com, January 2, 2004
64. Links to Opinions on
Legality of War Against Iraq, robincmiller.com
65. O'Loughlin, Ed, "It's
guerilla war, new commander admits," The Herald, July 18, 2003
66. Goldenberg, Suzanne "US
troops question presence in Iraq", UK Guardian, October
17, 2003
67. Pleming, Sue "Iraq:
US Soldiers Complain of Low Morale," Reuters, July 17, 2003
68. Selective Service System,
Annual Performance Plan, April 2003, www.sss.gov; See
Also: "Oiling up the draft
machine?," November 4, 2003
69. Kaufman, Michael, "What
Does the Pentagon see in `Battle of Algiers'?,"
CommonDreams.org, September 7, 2003
70. Speech by Zbigniew Brzezinski
at New American Strategies for Security and Peace,
October 28, 2003
71. Shivkumar, C., "Iran
offers oil to Asian union on easier terms," The Hindu Business
Line, June 16, 2003
72. Spiro, David, ibid.
73. Belton, Catherine, Putin:
"Why Not Price Oil in Euros?" The Moscow Times, Oct. 10,
2003 (original article, expanded
article)
74. Pesek Jr., William, "Indonesia
May Dump Dollar; Rest of Asia Too?" Bloomberg, April
17, 2003
75. Geewax, Marilyn, "Muslims
eye euro as new oil currency," The Sydney Morning
Herald, April 22, 2003
76. "European Central Bank
believes pricing oil in euros is sensible," Moscow
Times/Alexander Gas &
Oil News, October 14, 2003
77. Duncan,
Richard, The Dollar Crisis: Causes, Consequences, Cures, John Wiley &
Sons (2003)
78. Zbigniew Brzezinski Speech,
ibid.
79. "Interpol's involvement
in the fight against international terrorism," www.interpol.int
80. Kelley, Jack, "Al-Qaeda
fragmented, smaller, but still deadly," USA TODAY,
September 9, 2002
# # #
Michel Chossudovsky's book:
War and Globalization, the Truth behind Sept 11
addressed the global tensions
regarding US/EU strategic currency issues. The below
excerpts are found on Dr.
Chossudovsky's website, and in the Fall 2003 (Issue #5)
magazine, Global Outlook.
The Anglo-American Military
Axis
By Michel Chossudovsky
. . .
Euro versus Dollar: Rivalry
Between America and "Old Europe"
. . . The [euro encroaches]
upon the hegemony of the US dollar. . . . Wall Street is
clashing with competing Franco-German
financial interests. The war in Iraq pertains
not only to control over
[oil] reserves[, but also] the control over [currency,] money
creation and credit. . .
.
The European common currency
system has a direct bearing on strategic and political
divisions. London's decision
not to adopt the common currency is consistent with the
integration of British financial
and banking interests with those of Wall Street, not to mention
the Anglo-American alliance
in the oil industry (BP, Exxon-Mobil, Texaco Chevron, Shell) and
weapons production (by the
"Big Five" US weapons producers plus British Aerospace
Systems). This shaky relationship
between the British pound and the US dollar is an integral
part of the Anglo-American
military axis.
What is at stake is the rivalry
between two competing global currencies: the euro and the US
dollar, with Britain's pound
being torn between the European and the US-dominated currency
systems. In other words,
two rival financial and monetary systems are competing worldwide
for the control over money
creation and credit. The geopolitical and strategic implications are
far-reaching because that
are also marked by splits on the Western defense industry and the
oil business.
In both Europe
and America, monetary policy, although formally under State
jurisdiction, is
largely controlled by the
private banking sector. The European Central Bank based in
Frankfurt
-- although officially under the jurisdiction of the EU -- is, in practice, overseen by a
handful of private European
banks including Germany's largest banks and business
conglomerates.
The . . . Federal Reserve
Board is formally under State supervision -- marked by a close
relationship to the US Treasury.
Distinct from the European Central Bank, the 12 Federal
Reserve banks (of which the
Federal Reserve Bank of New York is the most important) are
controlled by their shareholders,
which are private banking institutions. In other words, "the
Fed" as it is known in the
US, which is responsible for monetary policy and hence money
creation for the nation,
is actually controlled by private interests on Wall Street.
Currency Systems and `Economic
Conquest'
. . . Ultimately, control
over national currency systems is the basis upon which countries are
colonized. While the US dollar
prevails throughout the Western Hemisphere, the euro and the
US dollar are clashing in
the former Soviet Union, the Balkans, Central Asia, sub-Saharan
Africa and the Middle East.
In the Balkans and the Baltic
States, central banks largely operate as colonial style `currency
boards' invariably using
the euro as a proxy currency. What thus means is: German and
European financial interests
are in control of money creation and credit. That is, the pegging
of the national currency
to the euro -- rather than the US dollar -- means that both the
currency and the monetary
system will be in the hands of German-EU banking interests.
More generally, the euro
dominates in Germany's hinterland: Eastern Europe,
the Baltic
States and the Balkans, whereas
the US dollar tends to prevail in the Caucasus and Central
Asia.
In these countries (which have military cooperation agreements with Washington)
the
dollar tends (with the exception
of the Ukraine) to overshadow the euro.
The `Dollarization' of national
currencies is an integral part of America's Silk Road Strategy.
The latter consists in first
destabilizing and then replacing national currencies with the
American greenback over an
area extending from the Mediterranean to China's
Western
border. The underlying objective
is to extend the dominion of the Federal Reserve System --
namely, Wall Street -- over
a vast territory.
What we are dealing with
is an `imperial' scramble for control over national . . . economies
and currency systems, they
seem to have also agreed on "sharing the spoils" -- ie.
Establishing their respective
"spheres of influence." Reminiscent of the policies of `partition' in
the late 19th Century, the
US and Germany
have agreed upon the division of the Balkans;
Germany has gained control
over national currencies in Croatia, Bosnia and Kosovo where
the euro is King. The US
has established a permanent military presence in the region (i.e. the
Bondsteel military base in
Kosovo).
# # #
Additional Recommended Reading
l Brethour, Patrick, "OPEC
mulls move to euro for pricing crude oil," The Globe And
Mail, January 12, 2004
l Ahmed, Nafeez M., "Behind
the War on Terror: Western Secret Strategy and the
Struggle for Iraq,"
New Society Publishers (2003)
l "Behind the Iraq
Invasion," Aspects of India's Economy, Nos. 33&34, December
2002
l Cooper, Peter J, "Forget
about the price of oil, what about the euro?," AME info.com
October 14, 2000
l "ECB blasts Bush economy,"
Eupolitix.com, October 30, 2003
l Engdahl, F. William, "A
New American Century? Iraq and the hidden euro-dollar
wars," Current Concerns,
No 4, June 2003
l Hentoff, Nat, The War on
the Bill of Rights and the Gathering Resistance," Seven
Stories Press, 2003
l Isbell, Paul, "The Shifting
Geopolitics of the Euro," Elcano Royal Institute, September
23, 2002
l Islam, Faisal, "When will
we buy oil in euros? When it comes to the global oil trade,
the dollar reigns supreme.
But it has a challenger, writes Faisal Islam,' The Observer,
February 23, 2003
l Makhijani, Arjun, "Saddam's
Last Laugh: The Dollar Could be Headed for Hard Times
if OPEC Switches to the Euro,"
TomPaine.com, May 9, 2001
l Pincus, Walter, "CIA Finds
No Evidence Hussein Sought to Arm Terrorists,"
Washington
Post, November 16, 2003
l Sommers, Jeffrey, "Dollar
Crisis and American Empire," Znet.com, June 20, 2003
l Notes on Project Censored:
For the past several years, journalism students and
faculty at the University
of California at Sonoma have reviewed
important news stories
and published an annual book
on stories that never "made the news." This past year
150 faculty and students
reviewed a total of 900 stories for the 2003 publication. My
essay, `Real Reasons for
the Upcoming Iraq War' was ultimately awarded by Project
Censor as one of the most
important but "censored" news stories of 2003. Below are
links to their website. (A
synopsis of my research is provided in story #19 in their
publication, Censored 2004.)
I would like to thank Dr.
Peter Phillips for his ongoing efforts at Project Censored.
None of the authors published
in `Censored 2004' receive any financial compensation
(only infamy), but if you
would like a glimpse as to how our 6 US media conglomerates
profoundly censor our news,
I recommend this book:
Phillips, Peter, Censored
2004: The Top-Twenty Five Censored Stories Seven Stories
Press, 2003
Over the past few years I
have often been amazed by the degree to which the American
public remains willingly
uninformed, and despite my skepticism, I sometimes wonder
about the validity of this
statement.
"The CIA owns everyone of
any significance in the major media."
--former CIA Director William
Colby
Copyright © 2003-2004 William
Clark
Reprinted for Fair Use Only.
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Revisited - The Real Reasons
for the Upcoming War With Iraq:
A Macroeconomic and Geostrategic
Analysis of the Unspoken Truth
by William Clark
wrc92@aol.com
Original Essay January 2003
-Revised March 2003
-Post-war Commentary January
2004
"To the living we owe respect,
but to the dead we own only the truth."
-Voltaire
Contents
l Note to readers
l Summary
l Revisited--The Real Reasons
for the Upcoming War With Iraq:
A Macroeconomic and Geostrategic
Analysis of the Unspoken Truth
m Synopsis
m Background on Hydrocarbons
and US Geostrategy
m References
l Addendum: Notable International
Monetary Movements
m European Commentary on
the Essay:
`The Real Reasons for the
Upcoming War With Iraq'
m Saving the American Experiment
(March 10, 2003)
m References
l Post-War Commentary (January 1, 2004)
m Conclusion
m References
l Additional Recommended
Reading
Note to readers: